While lightning strikes may seem like fleeting events, their potential for devastating consequences cannot be underestimated. From residential buildings to industrial complexes and public infrastructure, the need for effective lightning protection is paramount.

Masonry wall systems are often built in strong wind and seismic locations due to their excellent strength and endurance against natural disasters. In seismic areas, masonry walls need to be built to withstand the lateral stresses brought on by earthquakes. This can be achieved by using reinforcement and the appropriate wall thickness and height-to-length ratios.

Steel-CLT composite structures are buildings or structures that use a hybrid construction material made of steel and cross-laminated timber (CLT). The combination of these materials has a number of advantages, including greater structural stability, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness.

Long-term durability is one of the key advantages of steel-timber composite structures. Timber is a renewable resource that is grown and harvested in a sustainable manner, and using it in construction can help to reduce the carbon footprint of a structure.

The initial step in designing steel moment frames involves analyzing the anticipated loads that the frame will encounter, including both static and dynamic forces. This analysis is helpful in determining the necessary strength and rigidity of the frame components, as well as the suitable size and spacing of the members. After designing the members, the next step is to plan the connections that will unite them.

Since its ancient beginnings as lavish window panes in Pompeii, glass has evolved into one of the most durable and versatile building materials. Today, architects and engineers are embracing the marriage of steel and glass to create striking, innovative structures that go far beyond windows – think facades, bridges, staircases, and floor slabs.